Wire Gauge Calculator

Convert between AWG wire gauge, diameter, cross-sectional area, and current capacity. Find the right wire size for electrical projects.

WIRE SPECIFICATIONS
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Diameter (mm)
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Diameter (inches)
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Area (mm²)
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Max Amps (Cu)
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AWG Wire Gauge System

American Wire Gauge (AWG) specifies wire diameter in the US. Smaller AWG numbers mean larger wires. The system is based on drawing dies: more dies produce thinner wire. Wire gauge selection is critical for electrical safety since undersized wire overheats under load.

The NEC specifies minimum gauges for various loads. Each 6-gauge decrease doubles diameter; each 3-gauge decrease doubles area. AWG 0000 (4/0) is the largest standard gauge at 11.68 mm.

AWG Formula

d(in) = 0.005 × 92^((36-n)/39)

Common Wire Gauges

AWGDiameter (mm)Area (mm²)Max AmpsUse
141.632.0825A15A circuits
122.053.3130A20A circuits
102.595.2640A30A circuits
83.268.3765A40A circuits
64.1113.3080A50-60A

Frequently Asked Questions

Why do smaller numbers mean bigger wire?

AWG number represents drawing steps. More steps produce thinner wire. It is counterintuitive but deeply established in the industry.

What gauge for 20A circuit?

12 AWG minimum per NEC. For long runs (50+ feet), consider 10 AWG to limit voltage drop.

Copper vs aluminum?

Aluminum has 61% of copper's conductivity. Use 2 sizes larger for same ampacity. Aluminum requires special AL-rated connectors.