Understanding Arithmetic Sequences
An arithmetic sequence (or linear number sequence) is a series of numbers in which the difference between consecutive terms is constant. This constant is called the common difference (d). For example, 2, 5, 8, 11, 14 is an arithmetic sequence with a common difference of 3.
Arithmetic Sequence Formulas
n-th Term
Find any term in the sequence using the first term and common difference.
Sum (First + Last)
The most common formula when you know the first and last terms.
Sum (First + Difference)
Use when you know the first term and common difference but not the last term.
Practical Applications
Arithmetic sequences appear in everyday life: seating arrangements in an auditorium (each row has more seats), salary increments, loan amortization schedules, and stacking patterns. The sum formula attributed to Gauss lets you quickly total large sequences without adding each term individually.
Example
Find the sum of the first 100 natural numbers: a = 1, d = 1, n = 100. Last term l = 100. S = 100/2 x (1 + 100) = 50 x 101 = 5050.