Sum and Difference Identities
The sum and difference identities are fundamental trigonometric formulas that express the sine, cosine, and tangent of the sum or difference of two angles in terms of the trigonometric functions of those angles individually.
The Six Identities
sin(A + B)
Sine of a sum equals the sum of cross products.
sin(A - B)
Sine of a difference uses subtraction of cross products.
cos(A + B)
Cosine of a sum uses product subtraction.
cos(A - B)
Cosine of a difference uses product addition.
tan(A + B)
Tangent of a sum expressed as a fraction.
tan(A - B)
Tangent of a difference expressed as a fraction.
Applications
- Finding exact values of trigonometric functions for non-standard angles (e.g., sin(75°) = sin(45° + 30°)).
- Simplifying trigonometric expressions in calculus and physics.
- Deriving double-angle and half-angle formulas.
- Solving trigonometric equations.
- Signal processing and wave interference calculations.
Tips
Remember the sign patterns: for sine, the sign inside matches the sign between terms. For cosine, the sign inside is opposite to the sign between terms. For tangent, the numerator sign matches while the denominator sign is opposite.