Understanding Inverse Sine (arcsin)
The inverse sine function, written as sin-1(x) or arcsin(x), is the reverse of the sine function. Given a value y between -1 and 1, arcsin(y) returns the angle x such that sin(x) = y. The principal value of arcsin lies in the range [-90°, 90°] or [-π/2, π/2] radians.
Common Inverse Sine Values
arcsin(0) = 0°
The angle whose sine is 0.
sin-1(0) = 0
arcsin(0.5) = 30°
The angle whose sine is 1/2.
sin-1(1/2) = π/6
arcsin(1) = 90°
The angle whose sine is 1.
sin-1(1) = π/2
arcsin(-1) = -90°
The angle whose sine is -1.
sin-1(-1) = -π/2
Properties of arcsin
- Domain: [-1, 1].
- Range: [-π/2, π/2] radians or [-90°, 90°].
- arcsin(-x) = -arcsin(x) (odd function).
- sin(arcsin(x)) = x for all x in [-1, 1].
- Derivative: d/dx arcsin(x) = 1/√(1-x²).
When to Use Inverse Sine
Use arcsin when you know the ratio of the opposite side to the hypotenuse in a right triangle and need to find the angle. It is also used in physics for calculating angles of incidence, refraction, and in navigation problems.