What Is a Right Triangle?
A right triangle is a triangle with one angle equal to 90 degrees. The side opposite the right angle is called the hypotenuse and is always the longest side. The other two sides are called legs. The Pythagorean theorem (a^2 + b^2 = c^2) relates the lengths of all three sides.
Key Formulas
Pythagorean Theorem
Relates the three sides of a right triangle.
Area
Half the product of the two legs.
Altitude to Hypotenuse
The perpendicular distance from the right angle to the hypotenuse.
Inradius
Radius of the inscribed circle.
Circumradius
Radius of the circumscribed circle.
Trigonometric Relations
Relating sides and angles.
Solving a Right Triangle
To fully solve a right triangle, you need at least two pieces of information besides the right angle. This calculator accepts any combination of two known values from: leg a, leg b, hypotenuse c, or an acute angle. From these two values, all other measurements can be derived using the Pythagorean theorem and trigonometric functions.
Special Right Triangles
- 3-4-5 triangle: The most common Pythagorean triple. Multiples like 6-8-10 and 9-12-15 are also valid.
- 45-45-90 triangle: An isosceles right triangle where both legs are equal and the hypotenuse is leg x sqrt(2).
- 30-60-90 triangle: The sides are in ratio 1 : sqrt(3) : 2.
- 5-12-13 and 8-15-17: Other common Pythagorean triples.
Applications
Right triangles are fundamental in trigonometry, navigation, construction, and physics. They are used to calculate distances, heights of buildings, slopes, and vectors. Understanding right triangle relationships is essential for surveying, architecture, engineering, and many scientific disciplines.