Solving Absolute Value Equations
An absolute value equation contains an expression inside absolute value bars. The most common form is |ax + b| = c.
The Three Cases
Case 1: c > 0 (Two Solutions)
Split into two equations:
ax + b = c ⇒ x = (c - b)/a
ax + b = -c ⇒ x = (-c - b)/a
Case 2: c = 0 (One Solution)
Only one equation:
ax + b = 0 ⇒ x = -b/a
Case 3: c < 0 (No Solution)
Since |...| ≥ 0 always:
No real solution exists
Graphical Interpretation
The graph y = |ax + b| is a V-shape with vertex at (-b/a, 0). The equation |ax + b| = c finds where this V intersects the horizontal line y = c.
- c > 0: Line intersects V at two points (two solutions)
- c = 0: Line touches the vertex (one solution)
- c < 0: Line is below the V (no intersection, no solution)
Worked Example
Solve |2x - 3| = 7:
Case 1: 2x - 3 = 7 ⇒ 2x = 10 ⇒ x = 5
Case 2: 2x - 3 = -7 ⇒ 2x = -4 ⇒ x = -2
Verify: |2(5) - 3| = |7| = 7 ✓
Verify: |2(-2) - 3| = |-7| = 7 ✓
Case 1: 2x - 3 = 7 ⇒ 2x = 10 ⇒ x = 5
Case 2: 2x - 3 = -7 ⇒ 2x = -4 ⇒ x = -2
Verify: |2(5) - 3| = |7| = 7 ✓
Verify: |2(-2) - 3| = |-7| = 7 ✓
Common Mistakes
- Forgetting to check if c < 0 before solving
- Only finding one solution when c > 0
- Not verifying solutions by substitution
- Sign errors when handling the negative case