What Is a Hoop House?
A hoop house (also called a high tunnel or polytunnel) is a simple, cost-effective greenhouse structure made from a series of arched hoops covered with plastic sheeting. Hoop houses extend the growing season, protect crops from frost, wind, and heavy rain, and create a warmer microclimate for plants.
Unlike traditional greenhouses with rigid walls and heating systems, hoop houses rely on passive solar heating and are much less expensive to build. They are popular with home gardeners and small-scale farmers for season extension, growing warm-season crops in cooler climates, and protecting sensitive plants.
Key Calculations
Material Comparison
| Hoop Material | Cost (per hoop) | Durability | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|
| EMT Conduit (3/4") | $5-$10 | 10-20 years | Permanent structures, snow loads |
| PVC Pipe (1") | $3-$6 | 3-7 years | Budget builds, temporary tunnels |
| Cattle Panels | $20-$30 | 15-25 years | Small structures, easy setup |
Plastic Sheeting Options
- 6 mil greenhouse film (4-year UV): The standard choice, lasting 3-5 years. Available in various widths up to 40 feet.
- Poly-weave tarp: More puncture-resistant but less light transmission. Good for shade houses.
- Double-layer inflation: Two layers with an air gap provide better insulation (R-1.5 vs R-0.85 for single layer). Requires a small blower fan.
- Always use UV-stabilized greenhouse plastic, not construction-grade poly sheeting, which degrades in sunlight within months.
Frequently Asked Questions
How far apart should hoop house hoops be?
Standard spacing is 4 feet on center. In areas with heavy snow loads, reduce spacing to 3 feet. In mild climates with minimal snow, 5-foot spacing is acceptable. Closer spacing increases structural strength but also increases material costs.
What size hoop house should I build?
Common sizes for home gardens are 10x20 feet or 12x24 feet. For small-farm production, 14x48 or 20x96 feet are popular. Width determines peak height and growing space -- 12-14 feet wide provides enough height for tall crops in the center rows.
Do I need a building permit for a hoop house?
Permit requirements vary by municipality. Many areas classify hoop houses as temporary structures that do not require permits, especially if they are not on a permanent foundation. Check with your local building department before construction.