What is Crushed Stone?
Crushed stone is a construction aggregate made by mining natural rock deposits and crushing them to a specific size. It is one of the most versatile and widely used materials in construction, landscaping, and infrastructure projects. Crushed stone serves as a base material for roads, driveways, patios, and foundations, and is also used for drainage, erosion control, and decorative landscaping applications.
The size of crushed stone is classified by a numbering system. The most common sizes include #57 stone (3/4 inch to 1 inch, used for driveways and drainage), #411 stone (a blend of #4 and stone dust, used for road base), and #1 stone (2 to 4 inches, used for large drainage projects). Choosing the right size and type of crushed stone is essential for project success and long-term performance.
Volume & Weight Formula
Types of Crushed Stone
| Type | Size | Weight (lb/yd³) | Common Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Crushed Limestone | Various | 2,700 | Base material, driveways |
| Crushed Granite | Various | 2,800 | Driveways, paths, base |
| Pea Gravel | 3/8" | 2,500 | Walkways, drainage, landscaping |
| River Rock | 1"-3" | 2,400 | Decorative, drainage |
| Stone Dust | Fine | 2,700 | Paver base, filling joints |
Coverage Rates
Coverage varies by depth. One cubic yard of crushed stone covers approximately 160 square feet at 2 inches deep, 108 square feet at 3 inches deep, and 80 square feet at 4 inches deep. For driveways, a minimum depth of 4 inches is recommended. For walkways and decorative areas, 2-3 inches is typically sufficient. Compacted base material should be 4-6 inches deep.
Worked Example
A 20 ft × 10 ft patio base using 4 inches of crushed limestone:
Weight = 2.47 × 2,700 ÷ 2,000 = 3.33 tons
Frequently Asked Questions
How many tons of crushed stone do I need?
First calculate the volume in cubic yards, then multiply by the material density and divide by 2,000. For example, one cubic yard of crushed limestone weighs about 1.35 tons. Most suppliers sell crushed stone by the ton, so converting from volume to weight is essential for accurate ordering.
How much does a truckload of crushed stone cost?
A truckload (about 25 tons or 18-20 cubic yards) of crushed stone typically costs $300-$600 delivered, or $20-$35 per ton. Prices vary by stone type, delivery distance, and region. Smaller quantities can be picked up at quarries for $25-$50 per ton without delivery fees.
Should I compact crushed stone?
Yes, for base applications under driveways, patios, and pavers, crushed stone should be compacted with a plate compactor or roller. Apply stone in 2-3 inch layers, compacting each layer before adding the next. Proper compaction prevents settling and creates a stable base. Decorative surface stone does not need compaction.
What is the difference between gravel and crushed stone?
Crushed stone is mechanically broken from larger rocks and has angular, rough edges. Gravel is naturally rounded by water erosion. Angular crushed stone interlocks better and provides a more stable base, while rounded gravel drains better but can shift under load. For base material, crushed stone is preferred; for decorative use, either works.