Grain Weight and Volume Conversions
Grain is traded using different units around the world. The United States uses bushels (a volume measure with a defined weight per grain type), while most international markets use metric tonnes. Converting between these units is essential for international trade, transportation logistics, and farm record keeping.
A bushel is a unit of volume equal to 1.244 cubic feet, but for grain trading, each grain has a defined standard weight per bushel (called test weight). For example, corn is standardized at 56 lbs per bushel, while wheat and soybeans are 60 lbs per bushel.
Conversion Formulas
Standard Bushel Weights
| Grain | lbs/bushel | kg/bushel | Bushels/Metric Tonne |
|---|---|---|---|
| Corn (Maize) | 56 | 25.40 | 39.37 |
| Wheat | 60 | 27.22 | 36.74 |
| Soybeans | 60 | 27.22 | 36.74 |
| Barley | 48 | 21.77 | 45.93 |
| Oats | 32 | 14.51 | 68.89 |
| Sorghum | 56 | 25.40 | 39.37 |
Frequently Asked Questions
How many bushels of corn are in a metric tonne?
One metric tonne of corn equals approximately 39.37 bushels (1,000 kg / 25.40 kg per bushel). This conversion is essential for comparing US domestic prices (quoted per bushel) with international prices (quoted per tonne).
What is the difference between a short ton and a metric tonne?
A short ton (US ton) equals 2,000 pounds (907.18 kg). A metric tonne equals 2,204.62 pounds (1,000 kg). A metric tonne is about 10.2% heavier than a short ton.
What is test weight?
Test weight measures the density of grain in pounds per bushel. Grain with a higher test weight is denser, generally indicating better quality and drier grain. Grain below the standard test weight may receive price discounts at elevators.